Releases/Mandrake/10.1/Notes/PPC
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Installation instructions, new features and other notes for 10.1/ppc
Contents |
Note that unlike the x86 release notes this document includes installation instructions and other ppc-specific information.
[edit] Welcome to Mandrakelinux 10.1 for PowerPC
This Mandrakelinux offers ease of install and use similar to the x86 version, and is suited for both the new Linux user and more experienced users. Unlike previous PPC releases, 10.1/PPC is not an official Mandrakesoft product but a volunteer effort. If you want to help with releases, PPC-specific problems with packages, or testing, subscribe to the cooker/ppc mailing list and/or join us on IRC, in #mandrake-ppc on Freenode. Both places can also be used for support questions.
[edit] Hardware requirements
- A PowerPC and PCI (not Nubus) based computer, see the MdkPpcHardware page for details. Automatic bootloader configuration is only supported on "new world macs" (Blue&White G3/iMac and newer, PowerBook G3 "Lombard" and newer). Minimac is supported too.
- At least 96 MB is required (less for text-install); 128 MB or more is recommended.
- At least 500MB is required, 2GB is recommended.
[edit] What's new
Software:
- linux kernel 2.6.8.1
- NPTL support
- X11R6.7.0, gnome 2.6, KDE 3.2.3, mozilla 1.7.2
- OpenOffice.org 1.1.3
Installation on Firewire and USB disks should now be possible without any additional steps. USB2 boot support may not work in all setups since Open Firmware apparently only supports USB1.1.
See the 10.1/x86 features page for more information.
[edit] Installation
[edit] Partitioning
Unless a non-Apple system was installed (i.e. you're upgrading an existing linux system), the disk(s) must be partitioned. Mandrakelinux PPC can coexist with MacOS and MacOSX: the yaboot bootloader will allow you to select any of the three systems at boot, as well as setup a default OS for automatic startup. You will need either a spare disk drive with an Apple partition map setup, or free up some additional space on your existing hard drive. For best results, keep the Apple OS(s) at the beginning of the drive, allocating free space at the end of the drive for Linux. If you need to free up space on your existing drive and you have access to Norton Utilities and Hard Drive Toolkit, you can optimize your drive with Norton Speed Disk for disk resizing, moving all the data to the beginning of the drive and then use Hard Disk Toolkit to split the drive. This free partition should not be formatted but left as "Apple Free". Alternately, MacOS offers Drive Setup as a tool to repartition the drive, but your existing data will not be preserved. As always, be sure to make backups of all important data/settings before using any tool on your hard drive. If you should have to do a destructive re-partition, you can safely re-install MacOS before the Mandrakelinux install, so the Mandrakelinux installer can detect and setup your MacOS partition(s) for booting.
Partitioning can be done either in MacOS (X) or in the Mandrakelinux installer. The Apple tool and pdisk are a bit more user friendly (they warn more about destroying data), while the installer can do some things automatically.
Below is the output of pdisk on an iMac, setup with a 2.3GB partition for MacOS (hda5), a 1MB bootstrap partition on hda6, and hda7, 8, and 9 used for Linux "/", swap and "/home".
Partition map (with 512 byte blocks) on '/dev/hda' #: type name length base ( size ) 1: Apple_partition_map Apple 63 @ 1 2: Apple_Driver_ATA*Macintosh 54 @ 64 3: Apple_Driver_ATA*Macintosh 74 @ 118 4: Apple_Patches Patch Partition 512 @ 192 5: Apple_HFS MacOS 4921725 @ 704 ( 2.3G ) 6: Apple_Bootstrap bootstrap 2048 @ 4922429 ( 1.0M ) 7: Apple_UNIX_SVR2 root 1900215 @ 4924477 ( 879.0M ) 8: Apple_UNIX_SVR2 swap 368235 @ 6724692 ( 179.8M ) 9: Apple_UNIX_SVR2 home 1325889 @ 7092927 ( 647.4M )
If you are unfamiliar with names such as hda5, this is how Linux names the disk partitions. "hda" means the first IDE hard-drive, where the 2nd would be named "hdb". Likewise SCSI drives are name sda, sdb and so forth. Finally, the trailing number is the actual partition number on the disk. As you can see in the example above, an Apple partition table often has a number of small partitions, generally at the beginning of the disk, that are used by MacOS for drivers. These should be left alone. Another item to note is that the partition table itself uses the first partition, so your operating system will always reside on partition number 2 or higher.
The bootstrap partition should be created as shown above, all other linux partitions have type Apple_UNIX_SVR2. For original (rev.A) iMacs the bootstrap partition must be placed in the first 8 GB. The same restriction applies to kernels, so if you use such a machine with a large disk, make a separate /boot partition at the start of the disk (format it later as ext2, for example). Otherwise, the order of partitions doesn't matter. The swap partition's name must contain "swap", its size is usually 1x-2x the amount of RAM in the machine (with more RAM you probably need less swap). The root partition can be anywhere between 500MB and 10GB, depending on how many packages you'll install. The remaining space can be used for home, which will contain user settings and data.
If you leave enough free space (1MB) the installer will automatically create the bootstrap partition if none is found. This partition should not be visible from MacOS, but is configured as a "blessed" boot partition that the Apple Open Firmware will see as the boot device, allowing you to boot either Linux or MacOS.
[edit] Using Drive Setup
Using pdisk in MacOS
You can download a MacOS version of the Linux PPC disk partitioning tool, pdisk.
Using pdisk from the installer or rescue mode
Using the Mandrakelinux installer
[edit] Booting the installer
[edit] New world macs
- Reboot with the first CD in the drive and hold down C. If this does not work, reboot while holding down the Command, Option, O and F keys (Apple+Alt+O+F). On the Open Firmware prompt, type:
boot cd:,\boot\yaboot
or
boot cd:2,\\yaboot
- On the yaboot prompt, hit enter unless you are trying to install on a Power Macintosh (or Xserve) G5. For these machines the install-gui-power4 option should be used. If, for any reason, you have trouble with the default graphical installation, you can do a text mode installation. To use it, select a -text yaboot entry here (tab shows the available options). If you need to rescue your existing Mandrakelinux system, select one of the -rescue entries.
If both install-gui and install-text produce a black screen, try adding video=ofonly, so e.g.
install-text video=ofonly
[edit] Old world macs
Boot into MacOS, insert the first CD, unpack the BootX archive in the misc folder. Run the BootX application and select as kernel "vmlinux" in the boot folder on the CD, and as initrd ("Use specified ram disk") "all.gz" in the same folder. Then click the "Linux" button.
[edit] Net booting
All supported macs allow for netbooting the OS from another machine. This section only describes booting new-world macs with yaboot, however. Netbooting can be used to kick-off an install without burning a CD. To do this you'll need to setup a dhcpd daemon or bootp daemon on your server, as well as tftpd.
tftpd daemon:
/etc/inetd.conf should have the following line enabled:
tftp dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.tftpd
/etc/hosts.allow should be opened up for tftp on your local network:
in.tftpd: 192.168.192.
If you have to change these, be sure to stop/start inetd:
/etc/rc.d/init.d/inet restart
The default directory is /tftpboot. Put all the files in the Linux Mandrake PPC boot directory (except README) here:
bash-2.03$ ls -l /tftpboot/ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1243868 May 22 17:16 all.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2455573 May 22 17:16 vmlinux -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 58556 May 22 17:16 yaboot -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1396 May 22 17:20 yaboot.conf
dhcpd daemon:
For the dhcpd setup, you'll need the MAC (ethernet) address of your machine. In MacOS you can find this by going into the TCP/IP setup. If you're already running Linux on the machine try:
[stew@powerbook linux]$ dmesg | grep eth0 eth0: BMAC+ at 00:50:e4:b9:07:70
The series of hex numbers seperated by colons is the MAC address of the ethernet adapater. Now you need to setup /etc/dhcpd.conf:
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 21600;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option broadcast-address 192.168.192.255;
option routers 192.168.192.1;
option domain-name-servers 192.168.192.1;
option domain-name "ays.net";
shared-network WORKSTATIONS {
subnet 192.168.192.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
}
}
group {
use-host-decl-names on;
host imac {
hardware ethernet 00:05:02:6B:45:29;
fixed-address 192.168.192.5;
filename "/tftpboot/yaboot";
}
}
Then start or restart dhcpd:
/etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcpd start
If the server starts up normally, you should see something like this in /var/log.messages:
May 22 17:19:06 moe dhcpd: Copyright 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 The Internet Software Consortium. May 22 17:19:06 moe dhcpd: All rights reserved. May 22 17:19:06 moe dhcpd: Listening on Socket/eth0/WORKSTATIONS May 22 17:19:06 moe dhcpd: Sending on Socket/eth0/WORKSTATIONS May 22 17:19:06 moe dhcpd: dhcpd startup succeeded
That should be it. Instead of holding down the "C" key on the Apple machine, use the "N" key and you should see the Mandrakelinux PPC (yaboot) boot prompt.
[edit] Stage 1
This shows a list of install methods. Use CD-ROM to install from the CDs.
If you have an old-world Mac with a SCSI CD-ROM player, stage1 will not find it and ask for a driver floppy. This is a known problem that should be fixed in a future release. Select *OK* here, it will not find a floppy and ask to retry. Select *no*, and you should get a list of drivers. Choose the *mesh.ko* (or *mac53c94.ko*) SCSI driver from this list.
[edit] Stage 2
Now the Mandrakelinux graphical installer called DrakX should run and you'll be prompted through a series of questions designed to assist you in configuring your system. DrakX will run either in text mode or in graphical mode, depending on the boot options you chose. This section only describes some PPC-specific issues, see the Mandrakelinux 10.0/x86 installer documentation for more information.
Because many Macintosh machines have only a one button mouse while Linux GUIs, which use the X Window System, really need three buttons to be fully productive, the DrakX installer will prompt you for which keys you would like to use to emulate the second and third mouse buttons. If you have a three button mouse, the actual buttons will still be used, and you can set the emulation to "None | None".
If linux partitions were created earlier or an existing system is being replaced, select the "Use existing partitions" strategy.
Once the package install finishes you will be prompted to setup a password for the "root" user. In Linux, the "root" user has full control over the system, and can also do the most damage. For normal, day-to-day use, you will want to setup a second "user" account, as well additional accounts for any friends or family members that may be going to use your system. If the machine is going to be utilized as a server, setup accounts for whomever may need direct access to the machine. Users can also be added anytime after the install.
The next step is the bootloader setup. The DrakX installer should detect and setup at least one MacOS partition if it is available on your machine. If for some reason it doesn't, or you wish to add additional OS versions, use the "Add" button and specify the operating system and partition number.
Finally, an overview is given of configuration options. Here you may want to setup the timezone, sound, graphics (X), and network. If the "radeon (fglrx)" driver is suggested, select "radeon" instead (or "radeon 8500" for 8500/9000/9100/9200 cards, but it's the same driver).
[edit] Booting the installed system
[edit] New world macs
After a successful install, the system should boot into linux after waiting on 2 yaboot prompts. The first prompt allows choosing between linux and MacOS. Type "l" for linux to bypass the menu's waiting time. The second menu gives a choice between installed linux kernels. The default kernel should be used when hitting enter or after the sleep time passed. If that doesn't work, hit the tab key and then type the label of the kernel, which should look like
2681-122
[edit] Old world macs
For these machines, the kernel and initrd must be copied to a MacOS-readable partition. This can be done in the installer before rebooting or from rescue mode, and requires some shell commands. Here's an example for the installer, with /dev/hda2 a HFS partition:
switch to VC2 with ctrl+alt+F2,
chroot /mnt mkdir /mnt/macos mount -t hfs /dev/hda2 /mnt/macos mkdir /mnt/macos/mandrake cp /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.8.1-12.2mdk /boot/initrd-2.6.8.1-12.2mdk.img /mnt/macos/mandrake/ umount /mnt/macos exit
switch back to VC7 with alt+F7, and reboot normally. If the MacOS partition is HFS+, replace hfs by hfsplus in the mount command and load the module with
insmod hfsplusbefore chrooting.
In MacOS the kernel and initrd must be moved to the BootX "linux kernels" folder, and selected in BootX. The kernel arguments should contain root=<your root device> (as shown in the installer).
[edit] Known problems
- Color shift during install on beige G3s and early iMacs (rev A/B) with Mach64. (background is bright green/yellow) - post install X.org should be OK.
- Keymapping defined during install not present at first boot. It seems harddrake wipes out the key settings. You can restore them with a manual edit of /etc/sysctl.conf (example is F11/F12):
dev.mac_hid.mouse_button_emulation = 1 dev.mac_hid.mouse_button2_keycode = 87 dev.mac_hid.mouse_button3_keycode = 88
- You can find out the keycode you'd like to use using "showkey" from the console. To load the settings after editing use "sysctl -p".
- The kernels do not work on systems with a PPC970FX CPU like the iMac G5.
